Adaptive Immunity in Hypertension

Hypertension: a novel regulator of adaptive immunity in atherosclerosis?

Epidemiological investigations clearly pointed out that hypertension is a powerful cardiovascular risk factor. Elevated blood pressure levels have been found to be highly predictive of cardiovascular events, including ischemic coronary disease, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease.1 These ischemic cardiovascular events have a predominant vascular origin resulting from atherosclerosis. Hypert...

Adaptive immunity.

The innate immune system provides critical mechanisms for the rapid sensing and elimination of pathogens. Adaptive immunity has evolved to provide a broader and more finely tuned repertoire of recognition for both self- and nonself-antigens. Adaptive immunity involves a tightly regulated interplay between antigen-presenting cells and T and B lymphocytes, which facilitate pathogen-specific immun...

Inflammation, Immunity, and Hypertension.

The immune system, inflammation and hypertension are related to each other. Innate and adaptive immunity system triggers an inflammatory process, in which blood pressure may increase, stimulating organ damage. Cells in innate immune system produce ROS, such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which aimed at killing pathogens. Long-term inflammation process increases ROS production, causing oxi...

Inflammation, immunity, and hypertension.

A prominent pathology textbook used in the United States includes an image illustrating the renal histopathology caused by malignant hypertension. The legend describes striking “onion skin” changes of a renal arteriole. Curiously, a sea of mononuclear inflammatory cells surrounding this arteriole is overlooked both in the legend and in the related text. Moreover, nothing regarding inflammation ...

Alternative Adaptive Immunity in Jawless